- ASP -- (Application Service Provider)
-
A organization (usually a business) that runs one or more applications on
their own servers and provides (usually for a fee) access to others. Common
examples of services provided this way include web-based software such as
Calendar systems, Human Resources tools (timesheets, benefits, etc.), and
various applications to help groups collaborate on projects.
See also: Application
Server, Server
- Atom
-
An evolving protocol for syndication and sharing of content.
Atom is being developed as a succesor to and improvement over RSS and
is more complex than RSS while offering support for additional features such
digital signatures, geographic location of author, possibly security/encryption,
licensing, etc.
Like RSS, Atom is an XML-based specification.
See also: RSS, XML
- Back to Index
-
- Backbone
-
A high-speed line or series of connections that forms a major pathway within
a network. The term is relative as a backbone in a small network will
likely be much smaller than many non-backbone lines in a large network.
See also: Network
- Bandwidth
-
How much stuff you can send through a connection. Usually measured in bits-per-second
(bps.) A full page of English text is about 16,000 bits. A fast modem
can move about 57,000 bits in one second. Full-motion full-screen video would
require roughly 10,000,000 bits-per-second, depending on compression.
See also: Bit, bps, T-1
- Baud
-
In common usage the baud rate of a modem is how many bits it
can send or receive per second. Technically, baud is the number of times
per second that the carrier signal shifts value - for example a 1200 bit-per-second
modem actually runs at 300 baud, but it moves 4 bits per baud (4 x 300= 1200
bits per second).
See also: Bit, Modem
- BBS -- (Bulletin Board System)
-
A computerized meeting and announcement system that allows people to carry
on discussions, upload and download files, and make announcements without
the people being connected to the computer at the same time. In the early
1990's there were many thousands (millions?) of BBS's around the world, most
were very small, running on a single IBM clone PC with 1 or 2 phone lines.
Some were very large and the line between a BBS and a system like AOL gets
crossed at some point, but it is not clearly drawn.
- Binary
-
Information consisting entirely of ones and zeros. Also, commonly used to
refer to files that are not simply text files, e.g. images.
See also: MIME, UUENCODE
- Binhex -- (BINary HEXadecimal)
-
A method for converting non-text files (non-ASCII) into ASCII. This
is needed because Internet e-mail can only handle ASCII.
See also: ASCII, MIME, UUENCODE
- Bit -- (Binary DigIT)
-
A single digit number in base-2, in other words, either a 1 or a zero. The
smallest unit of computerized data. Bandwidthis usually measured in
bits-per-second.
See also: Bandwidth, Bit, bps, Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte
- BITNET -- (Because It's Time NETwork (or Because
It's There NETwork))
-
A network of educational sites separate from the Internet, but e-mail
is freely exchanged between BITNET and the Internet. Listservs®,
a popular form of e-mail discussion groups, originated on BITNET. At its
peak (the late 1980's and early 1990's) BITNET machines were usually mainframes,
often running IBM's MVS operating system. BITNET is probably the only international
network that is shrinking.
See also: Internet
(Upper case I), Listserv ®, Network
- Blog -- (weB LOG)
-
A blog is basically a journal that is available on the web. The activity
of updating a blog is "blogging" and someone who keeps a blog is a "blogger." Blogs
are typically updated daily using software that allows people with little
or no technical background to update and maintain the blog.
Postings on a blog are almost always arranged in chronological order with
the most recent additions featured most prominently.
It is common for blogs to be available as RSS feeds.
See also: Blogosphere
or Blogsphere, RSS
- Blogosphere or Blogsphere
-
The current state of all information available on blogs and/or the
sub-culture of those who create and use blogs.
See also: Blog
- bps -- (Bits-Per-Second)
-
A measurement of how fast data is moved from one place to another. A 56K modem can
move about 57,000 bits per second.
See also: Bandwidth, Bit
- Broadband
-
Generally refers to connections to the Internet with much greater bandwidth than
you can get with a modem. There is no specific definition of the speed
of a "broadband" connection but in general any Internet connection using DSL or
a via Cable-TV may be considered a broadband connection.
See also: Bandwidth, DSL, Modem
- Browser
-
A Client program (software) that is used to look at various kinds
of Internet resources.
See also: Client, Server, URL, WWW
- BTW -- (By The Way)
-
A shorthand appended to a comment written in an online forum.
See also: IMHO
- Byte
-
A set of Bits that represent a single character. Usually there are 8 Bits
in a Byte, sometimes more, depending on how the measurement is being made.
See also: Bit
- Back to Index
-
- CATP -- (Caffeine Access Transport Protocol)
-
Common method of moving caffeine across Wide Area Networks such as
the Internet
CATP was first used at the Binary Cafe in Cybertown and quickly spread
world-wide.
There are reported problems with short-circuits and rust and decaffinated
beverages were not supported until version 1.5.3
See also: Internet
(Upper case I), IRC, WAN
- CDMA -- (Code Division Multiple Access)
-
A protocol for wireless data and voice communication, CMDA is widely
used in cellphone networks, but also in many other data communications systems.
CDMA uses a technique called "Spread Spectrum" whereby the data being transmitted
is spread across multiple radio frequencies, making more efficent use of
available radio spectrum. There are a number of additional protocols built
on top of CDMA, such as 1xRTT (also called CMDA2000).
See also: 1xRTT, Protocol
- Certificate Authority
-
An issuer of Security Certificates used in SSL connections.
See also: SSL
- CGI -- (Common Gateway Interface)
-
A set of rules that describe how a Web Server communicates
with another piece of software on the same machine, and how the other piece
of software (the ?CGI program?) talks to the web server. Any piece of software
can be a CGI program if it handles input and output according to the CGI
standard.
See also: Server, WWW
- cgi-bin
-
The most common name of a directory on a web server in which CGIprograms
are stored.
See also: CGI
- Client
-
A software program that is used to contact and obtain data from a Server software
program on another computer, often across a great distance. EachClient program
is designed to work with one or more specific kinds of Server programs,
and each Server requires a specific kind of Client. A Web Browser is
a specific kind of Client.
See also: Browser, Client, Server
- co-location
-
Most often used to refer to having a server that belongs to one person
or group physically located on an Internet-connected network that
belongs to another person or group. Usually this is done because the server
owner wants their machine to be on a high-speed Internet connection and/or
they do not want the security risks of having the server on thier own network.
See also: Internet
(Upper case I), Network, Server
- Cookie
-
The most common meaning of "Cookie" on the Internet refers to a piece of
information sent by a Web Server to a Web Browser that the
Browser software is expected to save and to send back to the Server whenever
the browser makes additional requests from the Server.
Depending on the type of Cookie used, and the Browsers' settings, the
Browser may accept or not accept the Cookie, and may save the Cookie for
either a short time or a long time.
Cookies might contain information such as login or registration information,
online "shopping cart" information, user preferences, etc.
When a Server receives a request from a Browser that includes a Cookie,
the Server is able to use the information stored in the Cookie. For example,
the Server might customize what is sent back to the user, or keep a log
of particular users' requests.
Cookies are usually set to expire after a predetermined amount of time
and are usually saved in memory until the Browser software is closed down,
at which time they may be saved to disk if their "expire time" has not
been reached.
Cookies do not read your hard drive and send your life story to the CIA,
but they can be used to gather more information about a user than would
be possible without them.
See also: Browser, Server
- CSS -- (Cascading Style Sheet)
-
A standard for specifying the appearance of text and other elements. CSS
was developed for use with HTML in Web pages but is also used
in other situations, notably in applications built using XPFE. CSS
is typically used to provide a single "library" of styles that are used over
and over throughout a large number of related documents, as in a web site.
A CSS file might specify that all numbered lists are to appear in italics.
By changing that single specification the look of a large number of documents
can be easily changed.
See also: HTML, Web
page, XPFE
- Cyberpunk
-
Cyberpunk was originally a cultural sub-genre of science fiction taking place
in a not-so-distant, dystopian, over-industrialized society. The term grew
out of the work of William Gibson and Bruce Sterling and has evolved into
a cultural label encompassing many different kinds of human, machine, and
punk attitudes. It includes clothing and lifestyle choices as well.
See also: Cyberspace
- Cyberspace
-
Term originated by author William Gibson in his novel Neuromancer the
word Cyberspace is currently used to describe the whole range of information
resources available through computer networks.
See also: Cyberpunk
- Back to Index
-
- DHCP -- (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
-
DHCP is a protocol by which a machine can obtain an IP number (and
other network configuration information) from a server on the local network.
See also: IP
Number, Network, Server
- DHTML -- (Dynamic HyperText Markup Language)
-
DHTML refers to web pages that use a combination of HTML, JavaScript,
and CSS to create features such as letting the user drag items around
on the web page, some simple kinds of animation, and many more.
See also: CSS, HTML, JavaScript, Web
page
- Digerati
-
The digital version of literati, it is a reference to a vague cloud of people
seen to be knowledgeable, hip, or otherwise in-the-know in regardsto the
digital revolution.
- DNS -- (Domain Name System)
-
The Domain Name System is the system that translates Internet domain names into IP
numbers. A "DNS Server" is a server that performs this kind of
translation.
See also: Domain
Name, IP
Number, Server
- Domain Name
-
The unique name that identifies an Internet site. Domain Names always have
2 or more parts, separated by dots. The part on the left is the most specific,
and the part on the right is the most general. A given machine may have more
than one Domain Name but a given Domain Name points to only one machine.
For example, the domain names:
matisse.net
mail.matisse.net
workshop.matisse.net
can all refer to the same machine, but each domain name can refer to no more
than one machine.
Usually, all of the machines on a given Network will have the same thing
as the right-hand portion of their Domain Names (matisse.net in the examples
above). It is also possible for a Domain Name to exist but not be connected
to an actual machine. This is often done so that a group or business can
have an Internet e-mail address without having to establish a real Internet
site. In these cases, some real Internet machine must handle the mail on
behalf of the listed Domain Name.
See also: IP
Number, TLD
- Download
-
Transferring data (usually a file) from a another computer to the computer
you are are using. The opposite of upload.
See also: Upload
- DSL -- (Digital Subscriber Line)
-
A method for moving data over regular phone lines. A DSL circuit is much
faster than a regular phone connection, and the wires coming into the subscriber's
premises are the same (copper) wires used for regular phone service. A DSL
circuit must be configured to connect two specific locations, similar to
a leased line (howeverr a DSL circuit is not a leased line.
A common configuration of DSL allows downloads at speeds of up to 1.544
megabits (not megabytes) per second, and uploads at speeds of 128 kilobits
per second. This arrangement is called ADSL: Asymmetric Digital
Subscriber Line.
Another common configuration is symmetrical: 384 Kilobits per second
in both directions.
In theory ADSL allows download speeds of up to 9 megabits per second
and upload speeds of up to 640 kilobits per second.
DSL is now a popular alternative to Leased Lines and ISDN, being faster
than ISDN and less costly than traditional Leased Lines.
See also: ADSL, Bandwidth, ISDN, Leased
Line, SDSL
- Back to Index
-
- Email -- (Electronic Mail)
-
Messages, usually text, sent from one person to another via computer. E-mail
can also be sent automatically to a large number of addresses.
See also: Listserv ®, SMTP
- Ethernet
-
A very common method of networking computers in a LAN.
There is more than one type of Ethernet. By 2001 the standard type was "100-BaseT" which
can handle up to about 100,000,000 bits-per-second and can be used with
almost any kind of computer.
See also: Bandwidth, FDDI, LAN
- Extranet
-
An intranet that is accesible to computers that are not hysically
part of a companys' own private network, but that is not accessible
to the general public, for example to allow vendors and business partners
to access a company web site.
Often an intranet will make use of a Virtual Private Network. (VPN.)
See also: Intranet, Network, VPN
- Back to Index
-
- FAQ -- (Frequently Asked Questions)
-
FAQs are documents that list and answerthe most common questions on a particular
subject. There are hundreds of FAQs on subjects as diverse as Pet Grooming
and Cryptography. FAQs are usually written by people who have tired of answering
the same question over and over.
- FDDI -- (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)
-
A standard for transmitting data on optical fiber cables at a rate of around
100,000,000 bits-per-second (10 times as fast as 10-BaseTEthernet,
about twice as fast as T-3).
See also: Ethernet, T-3
- Finger
-
An Internet software tool for locating people on other Internet sites. Finger
is also sometimes used to give access to non-personal information, but the
most common use is to see if a person has an account at a particular Internet
site. Many sites do not allow incoming Finger requests, but many do.
- Fire Wall
-
A combination of hardware and software that separates a Network into
two or more parts for security purposes.
See also: Network
- Flame
-
Originally, "flame" meant to carry forth in a passionate manner in the spirit
of honorable debate. Flames most often involved the use of flowery language
and flaming well was an art form. More recently flame has come to refer to
any kind of derogatory comment no matter how witless or crude.
See also: Flame
War
- Flame War
-
When an online discussion degenerates into a series of personal attacks against
the debators, rather than discussion of their positions. A heated exchange.
See also: Flame
- FTP -- (File Transfer Protocol)
-
A very common method of moving files between two Internet sites.
FTP is a way to login to another Internet site for the purposes
of retrieving and/or sending files. There are many Internet sites that
have established publicly accessible repositories of material that can
be obtained using FTP, by logging in using the account name "anonymous",
thus these sites are called "anonymous ftp servers".
FTP was invented and in wide use long before the advent of the World
Wide Web and originally was always used from a text-only interface.
See also: Login, WWW
- Back to Index
-
- Gateway
-
The technical meaning is a hardware or software set-up that translates between
two dissimilar protocols, for example America Online has a gateway that translates
between its internal, proprietary e-mail format and Internet e-mail format.
Another, sloppier meaning of gateway is to describe any mechanism for providing
access to another system, e.g. AOL might be called a gateway to the Internet.
- GIF -- (Graphic Interchange Format)
-
A common format for image files, especially suitable for images containing
large areas of the same color. GIF format files of simple images are often
smaller than the same file would be if stored in JPEG format, but
GIF format does not store photographic images as well as JPEG.
See also: JPEG, PNG
- Gigabyte
-
1000 or 1024 Megabytes, depending on who is measuring.
See also: Byte
- Gopher
-
Invented at the University of Minnesota in 1993 just before the Web,
gopher was a widely successful method of making menus of material available
over the Internet.
Gopher was designed to be much easier to use than FTP, while still
using a text-only interface.
Gopher is a Client and Server style program, whichrequires
that the user have a Gopher Client program. Although Gopher spread
rapidly across the globe in only a couple of years, it has been largely
supplanted by Hypertext, also known as WWW (World Wide Web). There
are still thousands of Gopher Servers on the Internet and we can
expect they will remain for a while.
See also: Client, FTP, WWW
- Back to Index
-
- hit
-
As used in reference to the World Wide Web, ?hit? means a single request
from a web browser for a single item from a web server; thus
in order for a web browser to display a page that contains 3 graphics, 4
?hits? would occur at the server: 1 for the HTML page, and one for
each of the 3 graphics.
See also: Browser, HTML, Server
- Home Page (or Homepage)
-
Several meanings. Originally, the web page that your browser is
set to use when it starts up. The more common meaning refers to the main
web page for a business, organization, person or simply the main page out
of a collection of web pages, e.g. "Check out so-and-so's new Home Page."
See also: Browser, WWW
- Host
-
Any computer on a network that is a repository for services available
to other computers on the network. It is quite common to have one
host machine provide several services, such as SMTP (email) and HTTP (web).
See also: Network, SMTP
- HTML -- (HyperText Markup Language)
-
The coding language used to create Hypertext documents for use on
the World Wide Web. HTML looks a lot like old-fashioned typesetting
code, where you surround a block of text with codes that indicate how it
should appear.
The "hyper" in Hypertext comes from the fact that in HTML you can specify
that a block of text, or an image, is linked to another file on the Internet.
HTML files are meant to be viewed using a "Web Browser".
HTML is loosely based on a more comprehensive system for markup called SGML,
and is expected to eventually be replaced by XML-based XHTML standards.
See also: Browser, Hypertext, SGML, WWW, XHTML, XML
- HTTP -- (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
-
The protocol for moving hypertextfiles across the Internet.
Requires a HTTP client program on one end, and an HTTP server program
(such as Apache) on the other end. HTTP is the most important protocol
used in the World Wide Web (WWW).
See also: Apache, Client, Hypertext, Server, WWW
- Hypertext
-
Generally, any text that contains links to other documents - words or phrases
in the document that can be chosen by a reader and which cause another document
to be retrieved and displayed.
See also: HTML, HTTP
- Back to Index
-
- IMAP -- (Internet Message Access Protocol)
-
IMAP is gradually replacing POP as the main protocol used by email clients in
communicating with email servers.
Using IMAP an email client program can not only retrieve email but can
also manipulate message stored on the server, without having to actually
retrieve the messages. So messages can be deleted, have their status changed,
multiple mail boxes can be managed, etc.
IMAP is defined in RFC 2060
See also: Client, Email, POP, RFC, Server
- IMHO -- (In My Humble Opinion)
-
A shorthand appended to a comment written in an online forum, IMHO indicates
that the writer is aware that they areexpressing a debatable view, probably
on a subject already under discussion. One of many such shorthands in common
use online, especially in discussion forums.
- internet (Lower case i)
-
Any time you connect 2 or more networks together, you have an internet
- as in inter-national or inter-state.
See also: Internet
(Upper case I), Network
- Internet (Upper case I)
-
The vast collection of inter-connected networks that are connected using
the TCP/IP protocols and that evolved from the ARPANET of the
late 60's and early 70's.
The Internet connects tens of thousands of independent networks into
a vast global internet and is probably the largest Wide Area
Network in the world.
See also: internet
(Lower case i), Network, WAN
- Intranet
-
A private network inside a company or organization that uses the same
kinds of software that you would find on the public Internet, but
that is only for internal use. Compare with extranet.
See also: Extranet, internet
(Lower case i), Internet
(Upper case I)
- IP Number -- (Internet Protocol Number)
-
Sometimes called a dotted quad. A unique number consisting of 4 parts separated
by dots, e.g.
165.113.245.2
Every machine that is on the Internet has a unique IP number - if a machine
does not have an IP number, it is not really on the Internet. Many machines
(especially servers) also have one or more Domain Names that are easier for
people to remember.
See also: Domain
Name, Server, TCP/IP
- IPv4 -- (Internet Protocol, version 4)
-
The most widley used version of the Internet Protocol (the "IP" part of TCP/IP.)
IPv4 allows for a theoretical maximum of approximately four billion IP
Numbers (technically 232), but the actual number is far less
due to inefficiencies in the way blocks of numbers are handled by networks.
The gradual adoption of IPv6 will solve this problem.
See also: IP
Number, IPv6, Network, Protocol, TCP/IP
- IPv6 -- (Internet Protocol, version 6)
-
The successor to IPv4. Already deployed in some cases and gradually
spreading, IPv6 provides a huge number of available IP Numbers - over
a sextillion addresses (theoretically 2128). IPv6 allows every
device on the planet to have its own IP Number.
See also: IP
Number, IPv4, Network, Protocol, TCP/IP
- IRC -- (Internet Relay Chat)
-
Basically a huge multi-user live chat facility. There are a number of major
IRC servers around the world which are linked to each other. Anyone
can create a channel and anything that anyone types in a given channel is
seen by all others in the channel. Private channels can (and are) created
for multi-person conference calls.
See also: Server
- ISDN -- (Integrated Services Digital Network)
-
Basically a way to move more dataover existing regular phone lines. ISDN
is available to much of the USA and in most markets it is priced very comparably
to standard analog phone circuits. It can provide speeds of roughly 128,000
bits-per-second over regular phone lines. In practice, most people will be
limited to 56,000or 64,000 bits-per-second.
Unlike DSL, ISDN can be used to connect to many different locations,
one at a time, just like a regular telephone call, as long the other location
also has ISDN.
See also: DSL
- ISP -- (Internet Service Provider)
-
An institution that provides access to the Internet in some form, usually
for money.
- IT -- (Information Technology)
-
A very general term referring to the entire field of Information Technology
- anything from computer hardware to programming to network management. Most
medium and large size companies have IT Departments.
- Back to Index
-
- Java
-
Java is a network-friendly programming language invented by Sun Microsystems.
Java is often used to build large, complex systems that involve several different
computers interacting across networks, for example transaction processing
systems.
Java is also used to create software with graphical user interfaces such
as editors, audio players, web browsers, etc.
Java is also popular for creating programs that run in small electronic devicws,
such as mobile telephones.
Using small Java programs (called "Applets"), Web pages can include
functions such as animations,calculators, and other fancy tricks.
See also: Applet, JDK
- JavaScript
-
JavaScript is a programming language that is mostly used in web pages, usually
to add features that make the web page more interactive. When JavaScript
is included in an HTML file it relies upon the browser to interpret
the JavaScript. When JavaScript is combined with Cascading Style Sheets(CSS),
and later versions of HTML (4.0 and later) the result is often called DHTML.
See also: Ajax, DHTML, HTML
- JDK -- (Java Development Kit)
-
A software development package from Sun Microsystems that implements the
basic set of tools needed to write, test and debugJava applications
and applets
See also: Applet, Java
- JPEG -- (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
-
JPEG is most commonly mentioned as a format for image files. JPEG format
is preferred to the GIF format for photographic images as opposed
to line art or simple logo art.
See also: GIF, PNG
- Back to Index
-
- Kilobyte
-
A thousand bytes. Actually, usually 1024 (210) bytes.
See also: Byte
- Back to Index
-
- LAN -- (Local Area Network)
-
A computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building
or floor of a building.
See also: Network, VPN, WAN
- Leased Line
-
Refers to line such as a telephone line or fiber-optic cable that is rented
for exclusive 24-hour, 7-days-a-week use from your location to another location.
The highest speed data connections require a leased line.
See also: DSL, ISDN
- Linux
-
A widely used Open Source Unix-like operating system. Linux was first released
by its inventor Linus Torvalds in 1991. There are versions of Linux for almost
every available type of computer hardware from desktop machines to IBM mainframes.
The inner workings of Linux are open and available for anyone to examine
and change as long as they make their changes available to the public. This
has resulted in thousands of people working on various aspects of Linux and
adaptation of Linux for a huge variety of purposes, from servers to TV-recording
boxes.
See also: Open
Source Software, Unix
- Listserv ®
-
The most common kind of maillist, "Listserv" is a registered trademark
of L-Soft international, Inc. Listservs originated on BITNET but they
are now common on the Internet.
See also: BITNET, Internet
(Upper case I), Maillist
- Login
-
Noun or a verb.
Noun: The account name used to gain access to a computer system. Not
a secret (contrast with Password).
Verb: the act of connecting to a computer system by giving your credentials
(usually your "username" and "password")
See also: Password
- Back to Index
-
- Maillist
- (or Mailing List) A (usually automated) system that allows people
to send e-mail to one address, whereupon their message is copied and
sent to all of the other subscribers to the maillist. In this way, people
who have many different kinds of e-mail access can participate in discussions
together.
See also: Email, Listserv ®
- Mashup
-
A web page or site made by automatically combining content from other sources,
usually by using material available via RSS feeds and/or REST interfaces.
See also: REST, RSS
- Megabyte
-
Technically speaking, a million bytes. In many cases the term means
1024 kilobytes, which is a more than an even million.
See also: Byte, Kilobyte
- Meta Tag
-
A specific kind of HTML tag that contains information not normally
displayed to the user. Meta tags contan information about the page itself,
hence the name ("meta" means "about this subject")
Typical uses of Meta tags are to include information for search engines to
help them better categorize a page.
You can see the Meta tags in a page if you view the pages' source code.
See also: HTML, Search
Engine, SEO
- MIME -- (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)
-
Originally a standard for defining the types of files attached to standard
Internet mail messages. The MIME standard has come to be used in many situations
where one cmputer programs needs to communicate with another program about
what kind of file is being sent.
For example, HTML files have a MIME-type of text/html
, JPEG files
are image/jpeg
, etc.
See also: HTML, JPEG
- Mirror
-
Generally speaking, "to mirror" is to maintain an exact copy of something.
Probably the most common use of the term on the Internet refers to "mirror
sites" which are web sites, or FTP sites that maintain copies
of material originated at another location, usually in order to provide more
widespread access to the resource. For example, one site might create a library
of software, and 5 other sites might maintain mirrors of that library.
See also: FTP, WWW
- Modem -- (MOdulator, DEModulator)
-
A device that connects a computer to a phone line. A telephone for a computer.
A modem allows a computer to talk to other computers through the phone system.
Basically, modems do for computers what a telephone does for humans.
The maximum practical bandwidth using a modem over regular telephone
lines is currently around 57,000 bps.
See also: Bandwidth, bps
- mod_perl
-
An add-on for the Apache web server software, mod_perl makes it possible
to use the Perl language to add new features for the Apache server, and to
increase the speed of Perl applications by as much as 30 times.
See also: Apache
- MOO -- (Mud, Object Oriented)
-
One of several kinds of multi-user role-playing environments.
See also: MUD
- Mosaic
-
The first WWW browser that was available for the Macintosh, Windows,and
UNIX all with the same interface. Mosaic really started the popularity of
the Web. The source-code to Mosaic was licensed by several companies and
used to create many other web browsers.
Mosaic was developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications
(NCSA), at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign, in Illinois,
USA. The first version was released in late 1993.
See also: Browser, WWW
- MUD -- (Multi-User Dungeon or Dimension)
-
A (usually text-based) multi-user simulation environment. Some are purely
for fun and flirting, others are used for serious software development, or
education purposes and all thatlies in between. A significant feature of
most MUDs is that users can create things that stay after they leave and
which other users can interact within their absence, thus allowing a world
to be built gradually and collectively.
See also: MOO
- MUSE -- (Multi-User Simulated Environment)
-
One kind of MUD - usually with little or no violence.
See also: MUD
- Back to Index
-
- Netiquette
-
The etiquette on the Internet.
- Netizen
-
Derived from the term citizen, referring to a citizen of the Internet,or
someone who uses networked resources. The term connotes civic responsibility
and participation.
- Netscape
-
A WWW Browser and the name of a company. The Netscape (tm) browser
was originally based on the Mosaic program developed at the National
Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA).
See also: Mosaic
- Network
-
Any time you connect 2 or more computers together so that they can share
resources, you have a computer network. Connect 2 or more networks together
and you have an internet.
See also: internet
(Lower case i)
- Newsgroup
-
The name for discussion groups on USENET.
See also: USENET
- NIC -- (Network Information Center)
-
Generally, any office that handles information for a network. The most famous
of these on the Internet was the InterNIC, which was where most new domain
names were registered until that process was decentralized to a number of
private companies. Also means "Network Interface card", which is the card
in a computer that you plug a network cable into.
See also: Domain
Name, Network
- NNTP -- (Network News Transport Protocol)
-
The protocol used by clientand server software to carry USENET postings
back and forth over a TCP/IP network. If you are using any
of the more common software such as Netscape, Nuntius, Internet Explorer,
etc. to participate in newsgroups then you are benefiting from an
NNTP connection.
See also: Client, Server, TCP/IP
- Node
-
Any single computer connected to a network.
See also: Network
- Back to Index
-
- Open Content
-
Copyrighted information (such as this Glossary) that is made available by
the copyright owner to the general public under license terms that allow
reuse of the material, often with the requirement (as with this Glossary)
that the re-user grant the public the same rights to the modified version
that the re-user received from the copyright owner.
Information that is in the Public Domain might also be considered a form
of Open Content.
See also: Open
Source Software
- Open Source Software
-
Open Source Software is software for which the underlying programming code
is available to the users so that they may read it, make changes to it, and
build new versions of the software incorporating their changes. There are
many types of Open Source Software, mainly differing in the licensing term
under which (altered) copies of the source code may (or must be) redistributed.
See also: Open
Content
- Back to Index
-
- Packet Switching
-
The method used to move data around on the Internet. In packet switching,
all the data coming out of a machine is broken up into chunks, each chunk
has the address of where it came from and where it is going. This enables
chunks of data from many different sources to co-mingle on the same lines,
and be sorted and directed along different routes by special machines along
the way. This way many people can use the same lines at the same time.
You might think of several caravans of trucks all using the same road
system to carry materials.
See also: Internet
(Upper case I), Router
- Password
-
A code used to gain access (login) to a locked system. Good passwords
contain letters and non-letters and are not simple combinations such as virtue7.
A good password might be:
5%df(29)
But don't use that one!
See also: Login
- PDF -- (Portable Document Format)
-
A file format designed to enable printing and viewing of documents with all
their formatting (typefaces, images, layout, etc.) appearing the same regardless
of what operating system is used, so a PDF document should look the same
on Windows, Macintosh, linux, OS/2, etc. The PDF format is based on the widely
used Postcript document-description language. Both PDF and Postscript were
developed by the Adobe Corporation.
- Perl -- (Practical Extraction and Report Language)
-
Perl is a programming language that is widely used for both very simple,
small tasks and for very large complex applications.
During the 1990s it became the de-facto standard for creating CGI programs.
Perl is known for providing many ways to accomplish the same task, with "there's
more than one way to do it" being something of a motto in the Perl community.
Because it is so easy to perform simple tasks in Perl it is often used by
people with little or no formal programming training, and because Perl provides
many sophisticated features it is often used by professionals for creating
complex data-processing software, including the "server-side" of large web
sites. Perl does not provide significant support for creating programs
with a graphical user interface.
See also: CGI, Java, JavaScript, PHP, Website
- Permalink
-
A "permanent link" to a particular posting in a blog. A permalink
is a URI that points to a specific blog posting, rather than to the
page in which the posting original occured (which may no longer contain the
posting.)
See also: Blog, URI
- PHP -- (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor)
-
PHP is a programming language used almost exclusively for creating software
that is part of a web site. The PHP language is designed to be intermingled
with the HTML that is used to create web pages. Unlike HTML,
the PHP code is read and processed by the web server software (HTML
is read and processed by the web browser software.)
See also: Browser, HTML, JavaScript, Perl, Server, Web
page, Website
- ping
-
To check if a server is running. From the sound that a sonar systems makes
in movies, you know, when they are searching for a submarine.
- Plug-in
-
A (usually small) piece of software that adds features to a larger piece
of software. Common examples are plug-ins for the Netscape® browser and
web server. Adobe Photoshop® also uses plug-ins.
See also: Browser, Server
- PNG -- (Portable Network Graphics)
-
PNG is a graphics format specifically designed for use on the World Wide
Web. PNG enable compression of images without any loss of quality, including
high-resolution images. Another important feature of PNG is that anyone may
create software that works with PNG images without paying any fees - the
PNG standard is free of any licensing costs.
See also: GIF, JPEG
- podcasting or pod-casting
-
A form of audio broadcasting using the Internet, podcasting takes its name
from a combination of "iPod" and broadcasting. iPod is the immensely popular
digital audio player made by Apple computer, but podcasting does not actually
require the use of an iPod.
Podcasting involves making one or more audio files available as "enclosures" in
an RSS feed. A pod-caster creates a list of music, and/or other sound
files (such as recorded poetry, or "talk radio" material) and makes that
list available in the RSS 2.0 format. The list can then be obtained
by other people using various podcast "retriever" software which read the
feed and makes the audio files available to digital audio devices (including,
but not limited to iPods) where users may then listen to them at their convenience.
See also: RSS
- POP -- (Point of Presence, also Post Office Protocol)
-
Two commonly used meanings:
Point of Presence and Post Office Protocol.
A Point of Presence usually means a city or location where a network can
be connected to, often with dial up phone lines. So if an Internet company
says they will soon have a POP in Belgrade, it means that they will soon
have a local phone number in Belgrade and/or a place where leased lines
can connect to their network.
A second meaning, Post Office Protocol refers to a way that e-mail client software
such as Eudora gets mail from a mail server. When you obtain an
account from an Internet Service Provider (ISP) you almost always
get a POP account with it, and it is this POP account that you tell your
e-mail software to use to get your mail. Another protocol called IMAP is
replacing POP for email.
See also: Client, Email, IMAP, ISP, Server
- Port
-
3 meanings. First and most generally, a place where information goes into
or out of a computer, or both. E.g. the serial port on a personal computer
is where a modem would be connected.
On the Internet port often refers to a number that is part of a URL,
appearing after a colon (:) right after the domain name. Every service
on an Internet server listens on a particular port number on that server.
Most services have standard port numbers, e.g. Web servers normally listen
on port 80. Services can also listen on non-standard ports, in which case
the port number must be specified in a URL when accessing the server, so
you might see a URL of the form:
gopher://peg.cwis.uci.edu:7000/
This shows a gopher server running on a non-standard port (the standard
gopher port is 70).
Finally, port also refers to translating a piece of software to bring
it from one type of computer system to another, e.g. to translate a Windows
program so that is will run on a Macintosh.
See also: URL
- Portal
-
Usually used as a marketing term to described a Web site that is or is intended
to be the first place people see when using the Web. Typically a "Portal
site" has a catalog of web sites, a search engine, or both. A Portal site
may also offer email and other service to entice people to use that site
as their main "point of entry" (hence "portal") to the Web.
- Posting
-
A single message entered into a network communications system.
- PPP -- (Point to Point Protocol)
-
The most common protocol used to connect home computers to the Internet over
regular phone lines.
Most well known as a protocol that allows a computer to use a regular
telephone line and a modem to make TCP/IPconnections and
thus be really and truly on the Internet.
See also: Modem, SLIP, TCP/IP
- Protocol
-
On the Internet "protocol" usually refers to a set of rules that define an
exact format for communication between systems. For example the HTTP protocol
defines the format for communication between web browsers and web servers,
the IMAP protocol defines the format for communication between IMAP
email servers and clients, and the SSL protocol defines a format for
encrypted communications over the Internet.
Virtually all Internet protocls are defined in RFC documents.
See also: FTP, HTTP, IMAP, POP, PPP, RFC, SLIP, SMTP, SNMP, SSL, TCP/IP, UDP
- Proxy Server
-
A Proxy Server sits in between a Client and the "real" Server that
a Client is trying to use. Client's are sometimes configured to use a Proxy
Server, usually an HTTP server. The clients makes all of it's requests
from the Proxy Server, which then makes requests from the "real" server and
passes the result back to the Client. Sometimes the Proxy server will store
the results and give a stored result instead of making a new one (to reduce
use of a Network). Proxy servers are commonly established on Local
Area Networks
See also: Client, HTTP, LAN, Network, Server
- PSTN -- (Public Switched Telephone Network)
-
The regular old-fashioned telephone system.
- Back to Index
-
- RDF -- (Resource Definition Framework)
-
A set of rules (a sort of language) for creating descriptions of information,
especially information available on the World Wide Web. RDF could
be used to describe a collection of books, or artists, or a collection of web
pages as in the RSS data format which uses RDF to create machine-readable
summaries of web sites.
RDF is also used in XPFE applications to define the relationships
between different collections of elements, for example RDF could be used
to define the relationship between the data in a database and the way that
data is displayed to a user.
See also: RSS, Web
page, WWW, XML, XPFE, XUL
- REST -- (REpresentational State Transfer)
-
A loosely defined specification for HTTP-based services where all
of the information required to process a request is present in the initial
request and where each request receives only a single response, and where
the response is in a machine-readable form.
An example could be a service that accepts HTTP requests for a search and
returns the result as an XML document.
See also: HTTP, Mashup, XML
- RFC -- (Request For Comments)
-
The name of the result and the process for creating a standard on the Internet.
New standards are proposed and published on the Internet, as a Request For
Comments. The proposal is reviewed by the Internet Engineering Task Force
(http://www.ietf.org/), a consensus-building body that facilitates discussion,
and eventually a new standard is established, but the reference number/name
for the standard retains the acronym RFC, e.g. the official standard for e-mail message
formats is RFC 822.
- Router
-
A special-purpose computer (or software package) that handles the connection
between 2 or more Packet-Switched networks. Routers spend all their
time looking at the source and destination addresses of the packets passing
through them and deciding which route to send them on.
See also: Network, Packet
Switching
- RSS -- (Rich Site Summary or RDF Site Summary
or Real Simple Syndication)
-
A commonly used protocol for syndication and sharing of content, originally
developed to facilitate the syndication of news articles, now widely used
to share the contents of blogs. Mashups are often made using
RSS feeds.
RSS is an XML-based summary of a web site, usually used for syndication
and other kinds of content-sharing.
There are RSS "feeds" which are sources of RSS information about web sites,
and RSS "readers" which read RSS feeds and display their content to users.
RSS is being overtaken by a newer, more complex protocol called Atom.
See also: Atom, Blog, Mashup, RDF, XML
- RTSP -- (Real Time Streaming Protocol)
-
RTSP is an official Internet standard (RFC 2326) for delivering and
receiving streams of data such as audio and video.
The standard allows for both real-time ("live") streams of data and streams
from stored data.
See also: RFC
- Back to Index
-
- SDSL -- (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
-
A version of DSL where the upload speeds and download speeds are the
same.
See also: ADSL, DSL
- Search Engine
-
A (usually web-based) system for searching the information available on the Web.
Some search engines work by automatically searching the contents of other
systems and creating a database of the results. Other search engines contains
only material manually approved for inclusion in a database, and some combine
the two approaches.
See also: WWW
- Security Certificate
-
A chunk of information (often stored as a text file) that is used by the SSL protocol
to establish a secure connection.
See also: SSL
- SEO -- (Search Engine Optimization)
-
The practice of designing web pages so that they rank as high as possible
in search results from search engines.
There is "good" SEO and "bad" SEO. Good SEO involves making the web page
clearly describe its subject, making sure it contains truly useful information,
including accurate information in Meta tags, and arranging for other
web sites to make links to the page. Bad SEO involves attempting to deceive
people into believing the page is more relevant than it truly is by doing
things like adding inaccurate Meta tags to the page.
See also: Meta
Tag, Search
Engine
- Server
-
A computer, or a software package, that provides a specific kind of service
to client software running on other computers. The term can refer
to a particular piece of software, such as a WWW server, or to the
machine on which the software is running, e.g. "Our mail server is down today,
that's why e-mail isn't getting out."
A single server machine can (and often does) have several different server
software packages running on it, thus providing many different servers
to clients on the network.
Sometimes server software is designed so that additional capabilities
can be added to the main program by adding small programs known as servlets.
See also: Client, Network, Servlet
- Servlet
-
A small computer program designed to be add capabilities to a larger piece
of server software.
Common examples are "Java servlets", which are small programs written
in the Java language and which are added to a web server.
Typically a web server that uses Java servlets will have many of them,
each one designed to handle a very specific situation, for example one
servlet will handle adding items to a "shopping cart", while a different
servlet will handle deleting items from the "shopping cart."
See also: Java, Server, Web
- SGML -- (Standard Generalized Markup Language)
-
Developed in 1986 SGML provides a rich set of rules for defining new data
formats. A well-known example of using SGML is XML, which is a subset
of SGML: The definition of XML is all of SGML minus a couple of dozen items.
SGML is an International Standards Organization (ISO) standard: ISO 8879:1986.
See also: XHTML, XML
- SLIP -- (Serial Line Internet Protocol)
-
A standard that was popular in the early 1990's for using a regular telephone
line (a serial line) and a modem to connect a computer as a realInternet site.
SLIP has largely been replaced by PPP.
See also: PPP
- SMDS -- (Switched Multimegabit Data Service)
-
A standard for very high-speed data transfer.
- SMTP -- (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
-
The main protocol used to send electronic mail from server to server
on the Internet.
SMTP is defined in RFC 821 and modified by many later RFC's.
See also: Email, RFC, Server
- SNMP -- (Simple Network Management Protocol)
-
A set of standards for communication with devices connected to a TCP/IP network.
Examples of these devices include routers, hubs, and switches.
SNMP is defined in RFC 1089
See also: Network, RFC, Router, TCP/IP
- SOAP -- (Simple Object Access Protocol)
-
A protocol for client-server communication that sends
and receives information "on top of" HTTP. The data sent and received
is in a particular XML format specifically designed for use with SOAP.
SOAP is similar to the XMLRPC protocol except that SOAP provides for
more sophisticated handling of complex data being sent between a client and
a server. SOAP actually grew from the work that created XMLRPC.
Microsoft's ".NET" system is largely based on SOAP.
See also: Client, HTTP, Protocol, Server, XML, XMLRPC
- Spam (or Spamming)
-
An inappropriate attempt to use a mailing list, or USENET or
other networked communications facility as if it was a broadcast medium (which
it is not) by sending the same message to a large number of people who didn?t
ask for it. The term probably comes from a famous Monty Python skit which
featured the word spam repeated over and over. The term may also have come
from someone?s low opinion of the food product with the same name, which
is generally perceived as a generic content-free waste of resources. (Spam® is
a registered trademark of Hormel Corporation, for its processed meat product.)
See also: Maillist, USENET
- Spyware
-
A somewhat vague term generally referring to software that is secretly installed
on a users computer and that monitors use of the computer in some way without
the users' knowledge or consent.
Most spyware tries to get the user to view advertising and/or particular web
pages. Some spyware also sends information about the user to another
machine over the Internet.
Spyware is usually installed without a users' knowledge as part of the installation
of other software, especially software such as music sharing software obtained
via download.
See also: Download, Web
page
- SQL -- (Structured Query Language)
-
A specialized language for sending queries to databases. Most industrial-strength
and many smaller database applications can be addressed using SQL. Each specific
application will have its own slightly different version of SQL implementing
features unique to that application, but all SQL-capable databases support
a common subset of SQL.
A example of an SQL statement is:
SELECT name,email FROM people_table WHERE contry='uk'
- SSL -- (Secure Socket Layer)
-
A protocol designed by Netscape Communications to enable encrypted, authenticated
communications across the Internet.
- Sysop -- (System Operator)
-
Anyone responsible for the physical operations of a computer system or network
resource. For example, a System Administrator decides how often backups and
maintenance should be performed and the System Operator performs those tasks.
- Back to Index
-
- T-1
-
A leased-line connection capable of carrying data at 1,544,000 bits-per-second.
At maximum theoretical capacity, a T-1 line could move a megabyte in
less than 10 seconds. That is still not fast enough for full-screen, full-motion
video, for which you need at least 10,000,000 bits-per-second. T-1 lines
are commonly used to connect large LANs to theInternet.
See also: Bit, Internet
(Upper case I), LAN, Leased
Line, Megabyte
- T-3
-
A leased-line connection capable of carrying data at 44,736,000 bits-per-second.
This is more than enough to do full-screen, full-motionvideo.
See also: Internet
(Upper case I), LAN, Leased
Line
- Tag
-
The term "tag" can be used as a noun or verb. As a noun, a tag is a basic
element of the languages used to create web pages (HTML) and similar
languages such as XML. Another, more recent meaning of tag is related
to blogs where blogs and the postings they contain may be "tagged" which
means to assign a keyword, such as "politics" or "gardening", this enables
searches for "all the blog postings in the past week that are tagged 'prenatal
care'"
See also: Blog, HTML, XML
- TCP/IP -- (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol)
-
This is the suite of protocols that defines the Internet. Originally
designed for the UNIX operating system, TCP/IP software is now included
with every major kind of computer operating system. To be truly on the Internet,
your computer must have TCP/IP software.
See also: Internet
(Upper case I), IPv4, IPv6, Packet
Switching, Unix
- Telnet
-
The command and program used to login from one Internet siteto
another. The telnet command/program gets you to the login: prompt of another host.
See also: Host, Login
- Terabyte
-
1000 gigabytes.
See also: Gigabyte
- Terminal
-
A device that allows you to send commands to a computer somewhere else. At
a minimum, this usually means a keyboard and a display screen and some simple
circuitry. Usually you will use terminal software in a personal computer
- the software pretends to be (emulates) a physical terminal and allows you
to type commands to a computer somewhere else.
- Terminal Server
-
A special purpose computer that has places to plug in many modemson
one side, and a connection to a LAN or host machine onthe other
side. Thus the terminal server does the work of answering the calls and passes
the connections on to the appropriate node. Most terminal servers
can provide PPP or SLIP services if connected to the Internet.
- TLD -- (Top Level Domain)
-
The last (right-hand) part of a complete Domain Name. For example
in the domain name www.matisse.net ".net" is the Top Level Domain.
There are a large number of TLD's, for example .biz, .com, .edu, .gov,
.info, .int, .mil, .net, .org, and a collection of two-letter TLD's corresponding
to the standard two-letter country codes, for example, .us, .ca, .jp, etc.
See also: Domain
Name
- Trojan Horse
-
A computer program is either hidden inside another program or that masquerades
as something it is not in order to trick potential users into running it.
For example a program that appears to be a game or image file but in reality
performs some other function. The term "Trojan Horse" comes from a possibly
mythical ruse of war used by the Greeks sometime between 1500 and 1200 B.C.
A Trojan Horse computer program may spread itself by sending copies of
itself from the host computer to other computers, but unlike a virus it
will (usually) not infect other programs.
See also: Virus, Worm
- Back to Index
-
- UDP -- (User Datagram Protocol)
-
One of the protocols for data transfer that is part of the TCP/IP suite
of protocols. UDP is a "stateless" protocol in that UDP makes no provision
for acknowledgement of packets received.
See also: Packet
Switching, TCP/IP
- Unix
-
A computer operating system (the basic software running on a computer, underneath
things like word processors and spreadsheets). Unix is designed to be used
by many people at the same time (it is multi-user) and has TCP/IP built-in.
It is the most common operating system for servers on the Internet.
Apple computers' Macintosh operating system, as of version 10 ("Mac OS
X"), is based on Unix.
See also: Linux, Server, TCP/IP
- Upload
-
Transferring data (usually a file) from a the computer you are using to another
computer. The opposite of download.
See also: Download
- URI -- (Uniform Resource Identifier)
-
An address for s resource available on the Internet.
The first part of a URI is called the "scheme". the most well known scheme
is http, but there are many others. Each URI scheme has its own
format for how a URI should appear.
Here are examples of URIs using the http, telnet, and news schemes:
http://www.matisse.net/files/glossary.html
telnet://well.sf.ca.us
news:new.newusers.questions
See also: URL, URN
- URL -- (Uniform Resource Locator)
-
The term URL is basically synonymous with URI. URI has replaced URL
in technical specifications.
See also: URI, URN
- URN -- (Uniform Resource Name)
-
A URI that is supposed to be available for along time. For an address
to be a URN some institution is supposed to make a commitment to keep the
resource available at that address.
See also: URI
- USENET
-
A world-wide system of discussion groups, with comments passed among hundreds
of thousands of machines. Not all USENET machines are on the Internet.
USENET is completely decentralized, with over 10,000 discussion areas, called newsgroups.
See also: Newsgroup
- UUENCODE -- (Unix to Unix Encoding)
-
A method for converting files from Binaryto ASCII (text) so
that they can be sent across the Internet via email.
See also: ASCII, Binary, Email
- Back to Index
- Veronica -- (Very Easy Rodent Oriented Net-wide
Index to Computerized Archives)
-
Developed at the University of Nevada, Veronica was a constantly updated
database of the names of almost every menu item on thousands of gopherservers.
The Veronica database could be searched from most major gophermenus.
Now made obsolete by web-bases search engines.
See also: Gopher, Search
Engine
- Virus
-
A chunk of computer programming code that makes copies of itself without
any concious human intervention. Some viruses do more than simply replicate
themselves, they might display messages, install other software or files,
delete software of files, etc.
A virus requires the presence of some other program to replicate itself.
Typically viruses spread by attaching themselves to programs and in some
cases files, for example the file formats for Microsoft word processor
and spreadsheet programs allow the inclusion of programs called "macros" which
can in some cases be a breeding ground for viruses.
See also: Trojan
Horse, Worm
- VOIP -- (Voice Over IP)
-
A specification and various technologies used to allow making telephone calls
over IP networks, especially the Internet.
Just as modems allow computers to connect to the Internet over regular
telephone lines, VOIP technology allows humans to talk over Internet connections.
Costs for VOIP calls can be a lot lower than for traditional telephone calls.
Because the IP networks are packet-switched this allows for vastly
different ways of handling connections and more efficient use of network
resources.
See also: Internet
(Upper case I), IPv4, IPv6, Modem, Packet
Switching
- VPN -- (Virtual Private Network)
-
Usually refers to a network in which some of the parts are connected
using the public Internet, but the data sent across the Internet is
encrypted, so the entire network is "virtually" private.
See also: Internet
(Upper case I)
- Back to Index
-
- WAIS -- (Wide Area Information Servers)
-
Developed in the early 1990s WAIS was the first truly large-scale system
to allow the indexing of huge quantities of information on the Web,
and to make those indices searchable across networks such as the Internet.
WAIS was also pioneering in its use of ranked (scored) results where the
software tries to determine how relevant each result it.
- WAN -- (Wide Area Network)
-
Any internet or network that covers an area larger than a single
building or campus.
See also: internet
(Lower case i), LAN
- Web
-
Short for "World Wide Web."
See also: WWW
- Web page
-
A document designed for viewing in a web browser. Typically
written in HTML. A web site is made of one or more web pages.
See also: Browser, HTML, Web, Website
- WebDAV -- (Web-based Distributed Authoring
and Versioning)
-
A set of extensions to the HTTP protocol that allows multiple users
to not only read but also to add, delete, and change documents residing on
a web server.
In order to use WebDAV you need WebDAV client software to connect
to a HTTP server that has the WebDAV extensions installed.
Virtually all common HTTP servers have WedDAV extensions available to them.
See also: Client, HTTP, Server
- Website
-
The entire collection of web pages and other information (such as
images, sound, and video files, etc.) that are made available through what
appears to users as a single web server. Typically all the of pages in a
web site share the same basic URL, for example the following URLs
are all for pages within the same web site:
http://www.baytherapy.com/
http://www.baytherapy.com/whatis/
http://www.baytherapy.com/teenagers/
The term has a somewhat informal nature since a large organization might
have separate "web sites" for each division, but someone might talk informally
about the organizations' "web site" when speaking of all of them.
See also: Web, Web
page
- Wi-Fi -- (Wireless Fidelity)
-
A popular term for a form of wireless data communication, basically Wi-Fi
is "Wireless Ethernet".
See also: Ethernet
- Worm
-
A worm is a virus that does not infect other programs. It makes copies
of itself, and infects additional computers (typically by making use of network
connections) but does not attach itself to additional programs; however a
worm might alter, install, or destroy files and programs.
See also: Trojan
Horse, Virus
- WWW -- (World Wide Web)
-
World Wide Web (or simply Web for short) is a term frequently used (incorrectly)
when referring to "The Internet", WWW has two major meanings:
First, loosely used: the whole constellation of resources that can be
accessed using Gopher, FTP, HTTP,telnet, USENET, WAIS and some other
tools.
Second, the universe of hypertext servers (HTTP servers),
more commonly called "web servers", which are the servers that serve web
pages to web browsers.
See also: Browser, FTP, Gopher, HTTP, Internet
(Upper case I), Server, URL, Web, Web
page
- Back to Index
-
- XHTML -- (eXtensible HyperText Markup Language)
-
Basically HTML expressed as valid XML. XHTML is intended to
be used in the same places you would use HTML (creating web pages) but is
much more strictly defined, which makes it a lot easier to create sofware
that can read it, edit it, check it for errors, etc.
XHTML is expected to eventually replace HTML.
See also: HTML, XML
- XML -- (eXtensible Markup Language)
-
A widely used system for defining data formats. XML provides a very rich
system to define complex documents and data structures such as invoices,
molecular data, news feeds, glossaries, inventory descriptions, real estate
properties, etc.
As long as a programmer has the XML definition for a collection of data (often
called a "schema") then they can create a program to reliably process any
data formatted according to those rules.
XML is a subset of the older SGML specification - the definition of
XML is SGML minus a couple of dozen items.
See also: Ajax, SGML
- XMLRPC -- (XML Remote Procedure Call)
-
A protocol for client-server communication that sends
and receives information "on top of" HTTP. The data sent and received
is in a particular XML format specifically designed for use with XMLRPC.
See also: Client, HTTP, Protocol, Server, SOAP, XML
- XPFE -- (Cross Platform Front End)
-
A suite of technologies used to create applications that will work and look
the same on different computer operating systems. A widely used XPFE application
is the Mozilla web browser and its derivities, such as the Netscape web browser
in version 7 and later.
The primary technologies used in creating XPFE applications are Javascript, Cascading
Style Sheets, and XUL.
See also: CSS, JavaScript, XUL
- XUL -- (eXtensible User-interface Language)
-
A markup language similar to HTML and based on XML.
XUL used to define what the user interface will look like for a particular
piece of software. XUL is used to define what buttons, scrollbars, text
boxes, and other user-interface items will appear, but it is not used to
define how those item will look (e.g. what color they are).
The most widely used example of XUL use is probably in the Firefox web
browser, where the entire user interface is defined using the XUL language.
See also: HTML, XML, XPFE